hope talley

Sephora Pop-up Retail Design

2011-11-09T11:25:00.000-08:00

These are pages from a booklet I made for a competition entry for a pop-up retail design for the store Sephora. I won an Honarable Mention Award for the PAVE 2011 Student Design Competition. This consisted of a $500 price and an invitation to their Gala in New York City. Below are images of the final booklet I made, using acrylic cut on the laser cutter and hardware such a piano hinges for the book construction. This book was mailed to the judges for evaluation.

Greenway Project Final

2011-10-20T22:06:00.000-07:00

Skyscraper Competition Boards

2011-08-30T14:24:00.000-07:00

How the interaction of light and color impact interior environments.

2011-08-23T22:16:00.000-07:00

Our vision for the Greenway project is to create a space that people can interact with. The LED light sensor walls light up with just the touch of your finger. Leave a piece of yourself behind by drawing on the walls. This drawing will linger for others to observe and will fade after a few minutes for a new creation to be made. While passing through this tunnel it is place that people want to stop, look and play. This space also works with existing structural elements to add appeal. Rather than cover up the crossbeams in the center of the tunnel, more beams are added, in conjunction with light, to create a series of shapes. A variation is created with positive and negative space that plays with light and shadows of the structural divider. This provides an artistic sparkle moment within the tunnel. The purpose of the overall design is to be a place that you can interact with. Whether it is by running your hand down the wall as you quickly run by or stopping to make a masterpiece, the choice is yours. In the four-mile loop of the Greenway, this underpass will not be something you simply walk or bike through; it will be a place of engagement and interaction.

Downtown Greenway Project : Light Color Motion

2011-08-22T16:51:00.000-07:00

This is the location for the Downtown Greenway Project. It is currently under construction and I will be working to make a design proposal for this space.

565 Final Projects

2011-08-11T20:10:00.000-07:00

Melted Toy Policeman Watch Holder

Melted Toy Policeman Clock

Melted Toy Policeman Lights

Foam Screen

Chicago Architecture Today Skyscraper Competition

2011-08-11T19:53:00.000-07:00

2011 Mock Firm Competition

Top American Firm

Top Marketing Firm

Top Marketing Firm Award

2011-08-11T14:02:00.000-07:00

End of Semester Critique

2011-04-28T00:20:00.000-07:00

Tertia Design Firm

End of Semester Critique (practice for Chicago presentation)

Presentation Setup

Final Model

Business Plan & Marketing Packet

Precedent Study & Process Books

This was to help prepare our Firm for the competition in Chicago. We are still in the process of finalizing everything. The boards still have changes to be made.

Introducing our Firm : Tertia

2011-04-27T23:08:00.000-07:00

During our spring semester of 2011 we have focused on one project. This project is to be submitted into a skyscraper competition where we travel as a group to present in front of a panel of judges. At the beginning of this semesters we were split up into a team of 8 where we were to act as a mock firm. Our firm consists of Cassandra Gustafson, Carlos Smith, Christy Wallace, Clairissa Anderson, David Harrill, Ino Loloci, Meghan Kaufmann and myself. There are specific parameters to the project, such as an office building, site located anywhere in Stockholm, Sweden, an approximate height of 600 feet, no larger then 50,000 square foot footprint, incorporated spire, consideration of sustainability, etc. We have worked diligently to design a successful skyscraper that not only forms to the site but forms to Stockholm and its context. This process has been very rewarding as well as challenging. This was our first exterior design project and semester long project. I am proud of our firm and our skyscraper design. Please feel free to check out our Tertia blog for more information and process of this building.

Tertia Blog

Tertia Video

Final Renderings

2011-04-27T23:03:00.000-07:00

As a group of 8 we selected 4 interior designs for our building, a retail lobby, office lobby, office floor and lounge. My retail lobby and skyline lounge were chosen. These are some final renderings for those interiors.

Lobby Process

2011-04-27T22:45:00.001-07:00

These are images of my process while designing the retail lobby. I explored different techniques and styles throughout this space.

The retail lobby is located on the street level and is open to the public. This space contains a lobby/meeting space, cafe and retail stores. The interior was designed with the thought of reusing natural materials as well as having a water flow throughout the space. The 5 story waterfall can be seen from all of the retail spaces and the water system comes down the waterfall and is carried out within the floor. Water slithers through rocks beneath the floor and glass is overlaid so that the user can walk on top of it, giving an experience of walking on water and being one with nature.

Lounge Process

2011-04-27T22:45:00.000-07:00

This space was designed to provide a relaxing, fun break area for employees. This space meets the skyline and enhances beautiful scenic views. Along the back slanted wall, water runs down and natural light can pierce through, eliminating sparking shadows within the space.

Office Floor Process

2011-04-27T22:37:00.000-07:00

This is my design for a standard office floor. I strived to keep it rather neutral with highlights of natural wood and graphics.

Capturing Design at Work

2011-04-27T22:28:00.000-07:00

Model Formation (Clairissa Anderson and Cassandra Gustafson)

Site Model (Carlos Smith)

Model Making (David Harrill & Myself)

Model Process

Proposing Ideas (Christy Wallace)

photo by Cassandra Gustafson

Group Work (Carlos Smith, Christy Wallace, Ino Loloci and Myself)

photo by Cassandra Gustafson

Construction the Final Model

photo by Cassandra Gustafson

Model Construction

Model Process (South View)

Model Process (North View)

Model

Street Level Detail

Aerial View

Site Model

Building Floorplates

Midterm Skyscraper Model

Design Charrette with UNC- Charlotte Architecture Students

UNC-Charlotte Design Charrette

Interior Materials

2011-04-27T22:00:00.000-07:00

Plyboo

Beige Travertine - spotted cream marble stone

Gneiss stone - recycled from the site

In efforts to bring the outside in, not only did we use natural materials we also incorporated water and plant life within our skyscraper.

Building Form

2011-04-27T21:50:00.000-07:00

East Elevation With Rock Intersection

exterior explorations

2011-04-27T21:41:00.000-07:00

After exploring different exterior forms we went toward a more geometric shape building. Inspiration was taken from neighboring buildings and the surround of Sodermalm. We decided to move the positioning to the front of the rock. This allowed us to form to the site in a completely different way. Part of the rock is actually carved away, where the building fits into it. The removed rock is recycled within the building as flooring, walls and art.

Form Exploration

2011-04-27T21:20:00.000-07:00

This is a sketch model of our first design proposal. Our original building site was located on near the back of the rock and had layers gradually growing up from the site. This was in efforts to express our concept form to site.

Site Analysis

2011-04-27T21:14:00.000-07:00

Tertia Presentation

2011-03-16T14:55:00.000-07:00

[diagram models]

2011-02-06T19:54:00.000-08:00

Research + Analysis [skyscraper.workplace.stockholm]

2011-02-04T09:41:00.000-08:00

High Rise Final Boards

2010-12-01T19:20:00.000-08:00

High Rise Apartments

2010-11-28T12:12:00.000-08:00

Winifred & Bill's Apartment

Woodshop

Kitchen

Master Bedroom

Master Bathroom

Living/Dining Room

Living Room

Grandchildren's Guest Bedroom

Guest Bedroom

Floor Plan

Entrance

Winifred and Bill are a retired couple that now focus on their hobbies within their home. Winifred has a passion for baking and Bill likes to do woodworking. When thinking about these hobbies, they actually share many similarities. They both like to bring different ingredients and materials to create an overall product that they can use and share with others. When designing their apartment, I wanted to make sure that they both had a space to express their hobbies as well as space that they could both come together. I replicated the thought of pieces coming together within the interior with elements like the wood beams in the kitchen that create a light fixture, book shelves form columns and wood trunks establish a wall panel. They also needed a place for their 100 cookbooks, which is another reason the columns were converted to have a dual purpose.

In my material selection I wanted to use wood to satisfy Bill’s taste. Then I decided to continue a natural look by introducing warm, earthy materials and finishes.

Since they have two children and four grandchildren; I wanted the kitchen, living room and dining room to be an open space where they could all come together. Upstairs is where the two guest bedrooms are located. There is one room with 4 twin beds for all of grandchildren and another room with a queen bed. While laying out this space, I thought about the future needs of this couple. Since stairs may soon be a struggle, I wanted all of their basic needs to be on the main level. I used the idea of parts to a whole within the space planning; since these are the main elements of a house I grouped them together. Their bedroom, bathroom, kitchen, living room and dining room are always there with easy access. For the upstairs unit, I put in a door to the hallway on the 16^th floor so that Bill could still use the main elevator to get up to this woodshop. Overall I wanted to bring different elements together to form a space that they could both enjoy.

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Joelle's Apartment

Walkway

Vase Display

Sitting Area

Master Bedroom

Master Bedroom Looking Up

Living Room

Kitchen

Guest Bedroom

Floor Plan

Craft Room

Quilt Light Fixture

Within Joelle’s apartment, I wanted to focus on bringing patterns and pieces together to create a unified space. One element that I worked around was creating a space to house five of her heirloom quilts. I displayed them in different media, such as a light fixture, on headboards, as comforters, within furniture and as wall decorations.

I wanted these shapes to be pieced together to create a pattern, implied throughout the interior. This light fixture is considered the strong center of the space. Directly below it is a walkway that is above the master bedroom leading to the 16^th floor outside balcony. In the middle of the walkway there is a replicated hexagon pattern directly below the light fixture. This pattern has a cut out in the middle where a spiral staircase leads you down to the master bedroom. This core walkway is constructed from glass and gives an airless feel to the user. This also allows Joelle to have a view of the highlighted quilt light fixture from her bedroom.

One of Joelle’s main hobbies is knitting and cross-stitching. I created a craft room that she can use as her workspace as well as storage for all of her supplies. The craft space has a large shelving unit that repeats the pattern from the light fixture. Within this shelving unit, she can display all of her yarns, strings, fabrics and tools. I wanted to display her craft supplies, instead of hiding them in drawers. Since this space is rather secluded in the back of the apartment, I designed areas throughout the apartment that she could also express her hobbies. There is a living room area back from the kitchen and dining area that is by the windows, as well as a sitting area along the inside balcony above her bedroom. Joelle’s Siamese cat can also explore the walkway hovering over her bedroom.

Different elements within the apartment like the raised the living room platform, the kitchen island, the craft desk, wall coverings and fabrics were inspired by the focal point quilt located in the light fixture. Patterns and pieces from this one quilt were brought together to create this unified interior.

Mcmansion Report

2010-11-05T20:39:00.000-07:00

UNCG Garden Wheelbarrow Storage Design

2010-11-02T22:18:00.000-07:00

We are starting a Garden at UNCG. We were asked to design the worktables that will also be used to store wheelbarrows, shovels, rakes and other gardening tools. We worked to create a successful functional design. They are in the process of being built.

CAM studio products

2010-11-02T21:14:00.000-07:00

NC State Forestry Acrylic Plaque

Earrings

Leather Bracelet

Everything

This was my first experience in the CAM studio. I first made the design for these products on Rhino. I made a NC State Forestry sign for my brother, which is still not yet complete. I am going to etch the tree outline in a piece of wood which this acrylic sign will be mounted too. I also made earrings for the girls in my family. This was a random design that I created and each pair of earrings is made of wood and has their name on it. Then I abstracted the earring design to create leather bracelets. The CAM studio was a great experience and I can't wait to make more products!

Ranch Project

2010-11-01T20:13:00.000-07:00

Partii

2010-10-16T09:55:00.000-07:00

Going Beyond {Charrette}

2010-10-13T21:58:00.000-07:00

For this next Charrette we met with another student that had different design techniques. I worked with Jeff Linn, who was working from inspiration of a painting of layered colors that made up a man. We talked about this painting and how he interpreted it. Then I made a model that I felt expressed the concept of his painting. This model plays with light, materials and color. Since the painting is about layering different shades of red, blue and green, I created this box with slots for the different colors to slide in. When looking through the cutout in the box you can see what these colors begin to look like when then blend. Also, the shadow that they cast plays a big part in it, manipulating other space around the color strips. These colors can also slide out of there position and be moved around to create different patterns and effects.

Materials - Light - Color {Charrette}

2010-10-12T19:59:00.000-07:00

This model is to express different saturations of light to show levels of rhythm.

This model expresses color in rhythm. Since the painting is a very earthy tone, I decided to use other earth tones to relate.

In this model I explored different materials to show contrast in line thickness and directional pattern.

The purpose of this charrette was to take inspiration from my Weatherspoon Art Museum painting to explore materials, light and color in the form of 3 models for my Ranch Design. Using the limited materials and time to produce these models, this is my step toward abstracting my painting into my design.

Nurb Gallery

2010-10-09T12:00:00.000-07:00

Exterior View

Entrance / Front Lobby

Seat Detail, Located in the Front Lobby

Gallery Interior

This is a design that I created using the 3d modeling software, Rhino. This was my first time using this program. It was interesting to learn a new program and I feel like it was mixture between AutoCAD and Sketchup. I think that would prefer to use AutoCAD and Sketchup for designing spaces, although Rhino is good for product design.

This project was to design a nurb gallery, with a large installation. These are my final perspectives from my design.

Weatherspoon Art Analysis

2010-10-04T07:11:00.000-07:00

Dorothy Dehner expresses a sense of geometry, depth, rhythm, contrast and perspective in her interesting illustration with watercolor on paper. She explores different shapes and how they connect and interact with each other, as she does within her abstract sculptures. The beauty of this piece of artwork, is that it can be interpreted in many different ways. Also, the painting is untitled, leaving the viewer open to any interpretation. Through my eyes, I see poles with little strings attached creating many different effects. The lines are straight and precise yet, messy and lack connection. Washed out grays, browns and yellows highlight the important moments that happen within this painting. There is also a clear division of three. At first it looks like a collage of lines but when truly observing it, it captures your attention and makes you observe every little detail. The effect from a distance is much different then the feeling at close range. Overall, it is different to each person, but this is my perception of it; I find it simple, yet complex. It's all about looking closer and exploring what it has to offer.

In relating to the Ranch project. A couple things that I see that relate at first glance, is the division of three just as the Ranch style home has 3 zones: housework center, area of living activities and private area. Also, the Ranch style is seen as defining space, directing its flow, informal and multifunctional. I think this painting expresses all of these elements.

Ranch House

2010-10-01T08:12:00.000-07:00

Getting a feel of the exterior.

The landscape along the facade radiates a different mood looking out as well as looking in. It almost makes you forget that you are in Greensboro, NC. What a wonderful effect!

Under the carport, along the house is a koi pond. Not something that you usually see along the front of houses. Another amazing detail.

The use of these blocks adds texture and visual appeal to the exterior. This was a typical technique during that time period. Why don't we continue this element in today's designs? Simple yet complex.

The sinks and countertops are original from the 50's. I admire the retro look and everything is in really good condition for being original.

The attractive texture of the kitchen countertops.

The bathroom has the original sinks and flooring. The shower seemed a little out of place and jail like. Although, Ranch style homes typically keep the kitchen, bathrooms and laundry room toward the center of the house for efficiency and convenience. Which would explain why it was kind of dark and distant.

I admire the large windows with an attractive view of the cute backyard. Definitely what I would want to wake up to.

There is a small gallery room where interesting work is held. There are also large windows in this room giving a unique view of the front landscape.

Love it! What else is there to say, these are some awesome chairs made from seatbelt material. I think they work as a focal point of the dining room and are expressed more as art work. (They are comfortable too, what else could you ask for?)

The fireplace does not look like a traditional one that you would see. I am overwhelmed with the beauty of it simplicity. It works very well with the rest of the interior as well.

The stone sideboards add another texture and material within the interior that work well with the design. This is another form from the Ranch style, built-ins.

There is a definite contrast that just works in this dinging room. The table is very simple, chairs very complex and the carpet adds a whole different texture.

Adequate windows give an open feel with nature. The furniture is of the same style although each piece is very different but unified.

Here again you can see the original kitchen, still in style.

This simple carport has great features with the koi pond lining the exterior wall and the lights creating this texture of rhythm. Not to mention the green living roof that blends in the with its surroundings.

Can I just say wow! It was a pleasure to see the beauty of the architecture, interior design, decorating and landscape of this ranch style home. It takes a great designer to keep original elements and work with them. It is easy to come and strip everything and start from scratch but working with existing elements is the real challenge. I feel that this is the true beauty of this house.

Bungalow : Dining Room

2010-09-30T09:08:00.000-07:00

It is always a work in progress but these are my boards for the Bungalow dining room design. I wanted to express my concept and my design on the board to create a unified presentation.

Bungalow Inspiration

2010-09-30T07:53:00.000-07:00

While brainstorming for my bungalow design, I took inspiration from many different images. I researched dining rooms from the Arts and Crafts Movement, graphics and modern interiors. My goal was to combined all of these ideas into one unified design.

[VILLA MAIREA]

2010-09-17T06:08:00.000-07:00

Final Board Presentation

Citations

Vertical (Top to Bottom)

1-7. Ouno. (2009, June 20). Retrieved from http://blog.ounodesign.com/2009/06/20/aaltos-villa-mairea-in-finland/

8. Sills van bohemen architecture. (2002-2010). Retrieved from http://www.svb.co.nz/writings/writings_13.php

9. Ouno. (2009, June 20). Retrieved from http://blog.ounodesign.com/2009/06/20/aaltos-villa-mairea-in-finland/

Horizontal (left to right)

1. Designboom. (2000-2008). Retrieved from http://www.designboom.com/history/aalto/villa.html

2-4. Ouno. (2009, June 20). Retrieved from http://blog.ounodesign.com/2009/06/20/aaltos-villa-mairea-in-finland/

5. Designboom. (2000-2008). Retrieved from http://www.designboom.com/history/aalto/villa.html

6. Designboom. (2000-2008). Retrieved from http://www.designboom.com/history/aalto/villa.html

7-9. Ouno. (2009, June 20). Retrieved from http://blog.ounodesign.com/2009/06/20/aaltos-villa-mairea-in-finland/

10. Ouno. (2009, June 20). Retrieved from http://blog.ounodesign.com/2009/06/20/aaltos-villa-mairea-in-finland/

Large Graphic (Staircase)

Design stairs. (2009, March). Retrieved from http://www.liveinternet.ru/users/p-pumpkin/post73930172/

Research Information

Archinform. (2010, August 25). Retrieved from http://www.archinform.net/projekte/299.htm

Lower floorplan

Great buildings. (1990-2009). Retrieved from http://www.GreatBuildings.com/cgi-bin/gbc-drawing.cgi/Villa_Mairea.html/Villa_Mairea_Low_Plan.jpg

Upper Floorplan

Great buildings. (1990-2009). Retrieved from http://www.GreatBuildings.com/cgi-bin/gbc-drawing.cgi/Villa_Mairea.html/Villa_Mairea_Up_Plan.jpg

Stair elevations

Great buildings. (1990-2009). Retrieved from http://www.GreatBuildings.com/cgi-bin/gbc-drawing.cgi/Villa_Mairea.html/Villa_Mairea_Stair_Elev.jpg

Sections

(1992). Retrieved from http://caad.arch.ethz.ch/aalto/description/villa/sections/

Quote

Archinform. (2010, August 25). Retrieved from http://www.archinform.net/projekte/299.htm

Furniture South

2010-09-16T20:12:00.000-07:00

To gain knowledge on past trends our class was split up into groups to research different magazines throughout the decades. My group received Furniture South, which was a magazine that highlighted living room, bedroom, dining room and patio furnishings. We explored different publications of this magazine throughout 1919, 1939, 1969, 1979 and 2009. It was interesting to see the change in furniture style as well as the advertisement layouts. The year that I researched, 1979, displayed many different floral, stripped and plaid patterns. Many furniture displays in this magazine combined these patterns. The advertisements were very repetitive throughout this magazine. Many ads used the same picture, with different text or an exact layout of a staged living room multiple times. It was compelling to see the progression of design through furniture as well as graphic design.

Cecelia's House

2010-09-16T07:39:00.000-07:00

In return for Cecelia letting our class observe her beautiful home. A group of us have thoroughly measured the interior as well as exterior of her home to create construction documents for her to keep. I focused on the kitchen and sunroom of this interior. After taking measurements and observing the space, I created these detailed elevation drawings using AutoCAD.

Cecelia's House at a Glimps

2010-09-15T07:51:00.000-07:00

With the start of a new semester, we begin our journey with a visit to Cecelia's House, located in downtown Greensboro. The main focus of this design is the dining room that will work as a shell for the up-coming design. I will be fully redesigning the dining room; consisting of: a table, six chairs, a hutch, light fixture, two textiles, a carpet, window treatments, accessories and art work. While creating this design, I will further my research on the aesthetics of the Arts and Crafts and bungalow traditions, as well as relating to the twenty-first century aspects of design. Let the designing begin!

Tour of Remodeled Homes

2010-09-14T17:12:00.000-07:00

August 27th-29th Greensboro Builders Association held a tour of remodeled homes. I went to 3 different homes to observe the renovations.
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I went to see a screen porch addition created by DLM Builders, Inc. I felt that they related this porch to the cute attributes of the house. It was surrounded by a garden and pond at the back exterior of the house. I would consider this a country style porch with a twist of modern finishes, like the details where they extended the roof.

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My second destination was a house that had a remodeled kitchen and den by Booe Building. My first impression of the house was not that great, although I think the builders were very successful at modernizing it. The owners wanted these two rooms to be one big usable space. Different materials were coherent through both rooms, making the design flow nicely. One thing that I feel helped alot in this interior was converting the carpet to hardwood floors. I enjoyed the brick backsplash and slate black countertops and felt that the space worked well together.

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I also went to a house with a master suite addition with a bonus room and kitchen update by Brickwood Builders. This interior was revived with antique furniture and a very elegant appearance. The bedroom was added onto the first floor for better convenience for the aging couple. This bedroom was equipped with all the essential needs like a small living room in the bedroom, large closet and large bathroom. The upstairs addition was for the children and had a much more modern appearance.

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Great Houses [Villa Mairea]

2010-08-29T20:05:00.000-07:00

For this project I was assigned the Villa Mairea, by Alvar Aalto. It is a luxurious summer home designed for Harry and Maire Gullichsen, that stood as “an experimental house” as defined by the clients but came to represent Aalto as an expression of his design aesthetic. In it, he consolidated design ideas, distancing this structure from other Victorian country homes of the era and linking to the future. To create a unified design, Aalto analyzed the site and offered a place-specific aesthetic based on a grove of trees. Everything in the building holds a high level of significance and displays well-conceived and articulated design,,even down to where Mr. and Mrs. Gullichsen sit at the dining table. Aalto also reflected his distinct patterns and style within the house with the moderate placement of uniquely designed furniture. The Villa Mairea produces a unified designed within the interior and exterior.

Some of the inspiration for the Villa Mairea was pulled from Frank Lloyd Wrights, Falling Water. Aalto echoes and amplifies Wrights main concepts for Fallingwater, emulating nature and bringing the outside in. Through both materials and natural light, Aalto’s planning paid off, with the spaces of the building emitting a feeling of harmony with nature, through the projected bay windows as well as throughout the scheme. Pulling inspiration from his decades-long design practice, Aalto’s design process led to more than one version for the house, ultimately redirecting the design process toward a more modern aesthetic.

Project Statement

Alvar Aalto’s Villa Mairea – a study of contrasts – provided a commission for him to break with tradition by eliminating clear geometry on the interior, by including material choices and installation methods far from those specified by his peers, and by sharpening distinctions between indoors and out. In a design based on a series of squares, Aalto specified a semi-private enclosure along the rear of the structure with a more formal, inviting façade along the front. In the interior materials, Aalto envisioned varying directional patterns for materials, particularly demonstrating difference between vertical and horizontal wood arrangement, as well as Jack-on-Jack pattern brick for interior floors. While the interior expresses an organized chaotic design, consisting of complex details throughout the house, the exterior maintains an extravagant simplicity with box forms mixed with soft edges among the entrance.

Materials

With a delectable variation of wood, stone and brick, Aalto manages to keep a warm, natural feel while bring the outside in. The texture and directional placement of the materials embellishes the overall design, within the interior as well as exterior. The simple façade gives the viewer a sneak peak of the intricate detail that awaits inside. He underscores that combining browns, tans and whites that coincide with the natural surroundings and projects a communion with nature.

The start of a new semester...The beginning of the rest of my life

2010-08-25T08:36:00.000-07:00

As my third year of IARC rolls around the corner, I can not wait to see what studio has to offer. I am ready to dive into a successful and productive semester. My professor Patrick Lucas is a big history guru and I envision this semester reflecting on many different time periods and historical elements.

CAD Floorplan's and Sections

2010-08-17T10:56:00.000-07:00

To become familiar with Auto CAD I learned how to produce a dimensioned floorplan, a furniture floorplan and a section of an interior that I designed.

Hope Talley Logo

2010-07-22T20:18:00.000-07:00

This makes me happy :D

2010-04-29T16:55:00.000-07:00

Everything about this mosaic collage makes me happy. Making this college by looking through all of my pictures and bringing back old memories made me happy, looking at it with my friends made me happy and it made me happy that it is something I can always cherish. This college consists of the people, places, projects, sketches and memories that have made me happy. I used the IARC logo in the background because this program has played a big part in my life and the people that I have grown close bonds with. Also, I see IARC as a part of my future since interior architecture will always be in my life. What a good way to end the semester. I can truly say

I AM HAPPY.

Always room for IMPROVEMENT

2010-04-27T13:39:00.000-07:00

Picture Citation

I feel that this space could be very successful with minor improvements. This is a space that I would like to redesign or alter. Some improvements that could be made would be to bring in some form of color in the design, not just the orange plate on the table, which is just decoration. With large amounts of white it comes off a little to sterile and the materials seem to be too harsh and not soft or inviting.

Happiness :D

2010-04-27T13:26:00.000-07:00

Picture Citation

This is an interior that makes me happy. I love bring the outside in and showcasing beautiful scenery. Also, there is something about the simplicity in the use of a few materials that I find amazing. It has a modern feel and high ceilings with large sliding doors. Scale plays a huge part in this design and I feel that the overall outcome is very successful.

Phase 3 [Unity Village]

2010-04-23T07:23:00.000-07:00

Master bedroom

Living Room

Kitchen

Childs Bedroom

Floorplan

Diagrams (Bubble and Circulation)

Presentation Board

[R]eflection

2010-04-23T06:53:00.000-07:00

Looking back on Phase 3, I have learned many things that will continue in my later designs. This projects was a great experience and I am pleased with the outcome. I think my biggest struggle for this project was getting the spaces to relate and establishing a unified design. To achieve this in my design I talked to Suzanne as well as other classmates. Shane Jones was a big help in this part of my design. We sat down and talked about different graphics, concepts and how to create a sense of unity in the space. This made me realize that the professors advice is not the only beneficial lesson. It really helps to talk to other classmates and get their perspectives on things. I have learned so much from the entire Unity Village project and I feel that I have a lot to show for it. I feel that this project was a great way to wrap up the semester.

Specs

2010-04-21T19:08:00.001-07:00

Inspiration.

2010-04-21T14:34:00.000-07:00

Sketchup progression

2010-04-15T13:21:00.000-07:00

Floorplan

This is my current floorplan. I used curved forms to express my concept of journey. This space is meant to guide the user through the space, using fluidity. I wanted to make the kitchen, living and dining area open and fit into the surrounding rooms.

Moveable Dining Table

This is 3 possible ways that the dining table can be positioned. The reasoning behind this design is to play off of my concept, being journey. This allows the users to form their own path or journey, and allows this space adapt to them.

Childs room

This is Freddies room, which I addressed that he has cousins spend the night by adding another bed. There are 2 queen beds which allows him to have 3 other people spend the night. I tied in my graphics with the circles along this wall which will be related colors to the kitchen. Also I made half of one circle extrude to form a entertainment area. There is storage for all of his clothes as well as a desk within the bed component. Also, there is open shelving along the back wall for toys/games.

Living Area

I really wanted to open up the living area to the kitchen and dining area. By doing this it can better accommodate larger groups and keeps everyone connected in this unified space. The wall behind the sofa would be made out of lightblock with circle cutouts throughout that curved wall. This lightblock wall would not be transparent but would let natural light in and keep some of the harsh glares off of the tv. Located right above the back of the couch is a pocket shelf for movies or books. Also, I am going to extend the sofa, making it curve around the wall a little more and adding some more seating. There is a coffee table that can be moved to fit the curve of the couch to save space if the dining table is moved against the island. I am still going to add things to the entertainment area and this space for the tv is located on the kitchen island and is deep enough for the tv and other things like dvd players but on the other side there is room for a open cabinet spice cabinet. This entertainment area also has a slide down door, allowing the clutter of the tv to be hidden. This space can be versatile and used as a conversational area or an entertainment area.

Master Bedroom and Bathroom

I am still working on the design for these spaces.

STOP. Rewind

2010-04-15T01:03:00.000-07:00

After working on this design I have decided to go a different direction. I have changed my whole layout any many of the key elements. My concept has also taken a different form of the original concept butterfly. Instead of working with growth, I have taken inspiration from journey. This relates to a butterfly because they go on different journeys everyday. Also, the Sanchez's have been through a big journey by migrating to Greensboro. After taking inspiration from different pictures, I am focusing on forms of movement and linking circles. Above are two images that greatly have influenced this new design.

Sometimes you just have to STOP and REWIND in order to press PLAY again.

Think and REthink

2010-04-14T08:30:00.001-07:00

After beginning my design, I went back to the drawing board and thought of different possible floorplan layouts. This helped me see which layouts work better and why some of them are not successful. There is always a chance for alterations and to get a fresh start.

Models

2010-04-13T14:40:00.000-07:00

This is a detail model of the stove area in the kitchen.

This is a detail of the bed in the childs room which consists of a desk, a double bed on top and a pull down twin bed.

This is a detail of the kitchen island. I have also demonstrated that the cabinets will pull out.

Programming

2010-04-13T13:51:00.000-07:00

Designer Strengths of the Legendary Carlos Smith

2010-04-13T13:13:00.000-07:00

This is a perspective drawing done by Carlos Smith that helps describe his drawing style

I think Carlos Smith is a strong designer. He has many design techniques that signature his work. I think this is one of his biggest strengths because his work always expresses himself. Some of these techniques are adding animal people in his interiors and curved, organic forms. Also, a distinct way of displaying his work is through videos. He makes these videos that are called clay-mations by taking clips on his phone of things he created out of clay. Then he puts them together to form a unified video. Hand renderings also appeal to his technique and makes his design even stronger. Every project embraces a since of imagination and engages the viewer. Each element has specific reasoning behind it and is told through a distinct story. Overall his designs are very thought out and reflect him as a designer.

Standards

2010-04-11T07:30:00.000-07:00

These are some traditional standards for an apartment.

Minimum floor area for 2-bedroom apartment, 239 sq. feet
Minimum floor area for living/dinning area, 12 sq. feet
Minimum enclosed kitchen, 20 sq. feet
Standard master bedroom,15 x 10 sq. feet
Standard guest/child bedroom,12 x 10 sq. feet
3 1/2" high x 3" deep toe kick in kitchen
Minimum 12" counter space beside opening of refrigerator door
Kitchen countertop overhang 1-1/4" to 1-1/2"
No window above stove
No interference with working triangle
Standard cabinet depth 24"
Standard countertop depth 25"
Standard height of cabinet above countertop 18"
Standard height of cabinet about stovetop 24"
Standard splashboard height 4"
Standard depth of drawer above cabinet doors 4"
42" of circulation space between island and countertops, 48" for multiple cooks
Standard kitchen layout: Gallery, Island, One wall, Peninsula, L-shaped and U-shaped

c o n c e p t .

2010-04-11T07:23:00.000-07:00

My concept of a butterfly is emerging again. I continue to explore different elements and charactetistc of a butterfly for this next step in my design. I plan to focus mainly on the growth of a butterfly. This relates to the clients because they came to this country for a better life and to grow strong as a family. In my design I am going to incorporate their culture with arches and earthy tones that grow and take different forms throughout the space.

Strengths as a [DESIGNER]

2010-04-11T07:11:00.000-07:00

As a designer I feel that I have many strengths. I am always willing to put a 110% into my work and never give up. I feel that I am successful at managing my time and getting everything done correctly and efficiently. I am never scared to ask a question and I feel that a design is better developed after knowing all of the criteria and what is expected from the clients. I also like to work with other people and find out their level of potential. I am looking forward to working for a firm and I think that I would be a good accessory to the company.

Users Needs Chart

2010-04-11T07:08:00.000-07:00

kitchen details

2010-04-09T09:53:00.000-07:00

Since cooking is a big part of the Sanchez's life, I feel that the kitchen needs to be the main focus of this apartment. These are some details I have created for the kitchen that have a spanish architecture style.

Decisions, Decisions

2010-04-09T09:26:00.000-07:00

These are some different ideas that I have began to produce on Sketchup. I am currently trying to decide the most efficient layout for the space. This is two of my many ideas for the floorplan.

The beginning [phase three]

2010-04-09T07:32:00.000-07:00

As we progress through this project, I have learned many different skills and other elements of design have come to my attention. For the next step, phase 3, we are to design an apartment within the original building shell of Unity Village and continue with our concepts from phase 2, which mine was butterfly. We voted on a floorplan and each student was assigned a specific apartment section. The location that I will be designing is number 8 (located on the floorplan above) on the 14th floor. I have began to explore my clients who are "Mr. and Mrs. Sanchez that have recently moved to the Greensboro area with their 8-year-old son, Freddie. They host a Sunday dinner for their relatives. Both Mr. and Mrs. Sanchez cook every night together while their son does his homework within sight. Their son often has friends and cousins sleep over. Mr. and Mrs. Sanchez enjoy their own herbs in their apartment for cooking". After researching hispanic architecture, culture and living environment, I found out some interesting things that will help with my process of design. For example, I read that hispanic cooks only use the kitchen for cooking and not for paying bills or homework, most hispanic cooks do not have food processors, toaster or other small appliances, they prefer gas stoves and it is a must that everyone sits down and eats together. Another key element is keeping their culture. I plan to address this main issue by using similar forms as in hispanic architecture, like arches, stone and earthy tones. There are many more issues that I need to tackle within this design. I am continuing my research and keep sketching/sketchuping to develop my design.

Involving + Evolving : Assessments

2010-03-31T19:52:00.000-07:00

Neighborhood B Reviews

Ground Floor- This design was very interesting and I think my favorite part was the cozy lobby/sitting area. Something that they could work on is getting a floor with more texture and not make it so shiny. I think they had a successful layout on the presentation and it reads really well. Some words that come to mind while looking at this space is relaxing because of the color and open since most of the floor is open or has glass walls. I liked the idea of moveable seating and I think that would be a good element to add for future designs. I enjoyed these perspectives and would just like to know more about the material choices and if they could have been more successful with other materials.

1^st Floor- I thought the idea of mixing old and new was very unique and they expressed this ideas nicely through their design. Some things that I think could be improved is lightening the space a little more and adding more entourage would make it look more realistic. Also, one of the views in the office appeared to be a view from up high, bringing it down to eye level would also give a more life like feel. Thinking of an old style used in a new way was a good idea and I think this would be a nice element to use in future designs. Overall this space works very well together and only question I have to the group is if they were thinking of any other materials for the ceiling to match the brick wall and wood floor a little better.

2^nd Floor- The floorplan really stood out to me and the concept was clear through the layout. I loved that everything wasn’t super organic or really square, the space was balanced and the layout worked very well. Something that I would consider thinking about would be the track. Since all people walk and run at a different pace, it would be hard for more then one person to use this track. Also, the users have to cross the track to enter the workout room and daycare, which seems like it could become a problem. The quality of the sketches was very nice and I enjoyed the loose rendering style and the presentation as a whole.

Team Analysis

Some improvements that could be made to our design is trying to relate the spaces a little more. Our intension was to have a different feeling for each space but I think we could work a little more to make them flow. I like the feeling that our spaces give off and I wish that the perspectives didn’t come out so dark, to express the feeling we were going for. I really enjoyed our design and how each group member put a little part of themselves into the design. In the future I would want to spend more time researching precedent studies and combining the ideas of the group as a whole to make the space more unified. It was very difficult to pick a specific concept and I think we did a good job abstracting the concept and adding a little piece of each to each space. Overall I really enjoyed designing this space and I feel that a lot of hard work and thinking went into the perspectives, model and booklet.

Unity Village 2nd Floor Perspectives

2010-03-30T16:02:00.000-07:00

Worship Area

Library

Gym/Locker room

Medical Clinic

Process...

2010-03-30T15:52:00.000-07:00

Dimensioned Floorplan

Reflective Ceiling plan

Digital Rendered Floorplan

Hand Rendered Floorplan

Standards

2010-03-30T15:18:00.000-07:00

Medical Clinic

-medical office 50-150 ft per person

-medical public space 100-200 ft per person

Computer Rooms

-public space 80-150 ft per person

Library

-public space 30-100 ft per person

Fitness Center

-public space 15-25 ft per person

-cardio area 20-25 ft per person

-aerobic area 40-45 ft per person

-indoor track 200 meters minimum

Process

2010-03-30T14:56:00.001-07:00

These are some sketches for the worship area, kids play area and medical clinic.

Concept

2010-03-30T14:26:00.000-07:00

A concept is always a process. Although our original concept statement worked around the essence of a butterfly, we began to take inspiration from the butterfly to further our design. We worked with the forms of nature and organic shapes. We designed the spaces to give off the feeling of embracive and fluidity. These two words played a huge part in our decisions and help explain our design.

Experience...

2010-03-26T10:18:00.000-07:00

In our design of the second floor at Unity Village, it embraces the mind body and soul, with a worship area, library, gym and medical clinic. A man of 72 yrs. old using a wheelchair could be set at ease in the medical clinic getting a check up. A 6 yr. old girl could be embraced at the children reading area and a 42 yr. old mother could get an energetic vibe working out at the gym. This space can be used by all people to give them a since of peacefulness in their life.

Design Thinking...

2010-03-19T21:47:00.000-07:00

To me, design thinking is researching, observing, recording and understanding all aspects that make up a design. Design thinking is one of the most important process of design. Without this step, a design would not be as successful.

In the project I am currently working on, Unity Village, I have researched the users and space to get a full understanding. Also, I have produced a programming document and a specific needs chart that helps form my design. My whole design is resolved around design thinking. The process of design thinking is never finished and will continue change. This is a method I will use to design for future projects as well, in order to have a successful outcome.

Chapter 6 Notes

2010-03-18T11:46:00.000-07:00

Chapter 6: Ideation

Ideation is one of the most critical stages of successful design.

The concept of fit in design refers to the appropriate correspondence between a set of requirements and the design solution that addresses them.

A concept is a general strategy of approach for the solution of a design problem having specific circumstances.

Articulation refers to the modification of planes or volumes by their skillful modulation into clearly expressed subparts to facilitate legibility, add interest and afford order a greater degree of complexity.

Inflection means deviation from a given course, as when straight scheme becomes angular or curved.

Considerations in determining a system of organization include: placement, circulation, massing, geometry.

The best organizational concept diagrams address the massing of the overall project.

Decide the geometry, is it straight, angular, circular?

Understand the information to best develop a concept.

To externalize the concept approaches use visual and verbal.

Diagrams help layout a space and understand it.

Character concept statements should not repeat the design problem but instead should say something about the solution to the problem.

Two important kinds of diagrams used to depict organizational concepts are the parti diagrams and the functional diagrams.

Parti diagrams convey structure in the most minimal way.

Functional diagrams add more detail.

DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

2010-03-17T14:34:00.001-07:00

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

2010-03-17T12:26:00.001-07:00

DESIGN STATEMENT

2010-03-17T11:47:00.000-07:00

The essence of this design is based around the shapes, colors, development and interaction with environment of a butterfly.

This relates to the residence because they are of all ages and from different places, just as butterflies have a distinct life progression and are seen throughout the world. Also, within this space we hope to develop a since of interaction with the environment. Butterflies play a key part in the environment by pollinating plants. This space will consist of organic shapes and forms from nature that embrace the residences. Overall, the inspiration from this design has evolved from a butterfly.

Inspiration Words:

Passageway - Direction - Guidance - Contribute - Follow - Interpretation - Interaction - Collaborate - Coordinate - Interchange - Individuality - Portal - Pathways - Organic

Fostering Community, Yum Yum's

2010-03-17T09:10:00.000-07:00

Fostering Community

Yum Yum’s, located on the University of North Carolina at Greensboro campus is a perfect place to bring students and the people of Greensboro together. This little restaurant attracts the public by serving mainly hot dogs and ice cream. The close proximity to campus provides a convenient lunch for students and other pedestrians. The interior of this space is fairly small and forces all of these people to sit within close quarters. Also, around lunchtime this restaurant becomes extremely crowded, which influences customers to share tables and engage in conversation. When the interior is completely occupied, the customers over flow outside to a few tables as well as sitting along the exterior curb. For those walking or driving by, the congregation of people catches the eye and invites more customers. Even though this building is very outdated and small, it is extremely successful.

Also, since this little restaurant has been around for many years, the service as well as the space provides a great experience and keeps customers of all ages coming back. This helps bring all of the people from different generation together to share this wonderful space. Overall, Yum Yum’s has been very successful and remains a top stop for a quick tasty lunch due to its convenient location, inviting atmosphere and congregational interior and exterior.

2010-03-06T22:01:00.000-08:00

For this assignment we were given a floorplan that we had to recreate in sketchup. Then we had to design this space into a loft/studio. After working on the design I worked with adding texture and different materials in the space, which were mostly made by myself. Lastly I learned how to use Podium with sketchup. This assignment was a great learning experience and taught me a lot of new techniques about sketchup.

Unity Village:Phase 1

2010-03-03T09:50:00.000-08:00

For the first phase of Unity Village, my group and I made 2 models of the shell of the Gateway Plaza building. We also constructed many different drawings, diagrams and a program that we put together in a portfolio. Lastly we made a sketchup model of the building.

1/16"=1' Scale Model

1/4"= 1' Scale Model

Diagrams

Portfolio

Sketchup model

"My Sisters House"

2010-02-15T21:08:00.000-08:00

Going to see My Sister's House was a great experience. It was great to see a design come to life and be able to give it to the community and see it being used. Only thing that concerned me was the space's ability to be child proof. The floors are concrete and would be a cold and hard if a baby feel on them. Also, I really enjoyed the cabinet designs but I am not sure they can be child proof. Overall I think they did a great job on this house. I like everything from the layout to the concrete countertops and the playground in the backyard. I really hope I can participate in Urban Studio before I graduate.

Fostering Community

2010-02-15T08:02:00.000-08:00

Fostering Community Video

Community and Neighborhoods

2010-02-09T15:56:00.001-08:00

There are many factors that are considered when forming a community. I think this reading touched on many of these. Such as sociology, psychology, economics, community development and geography. If all of these factors are researched correctly then a neighborhood will transform into a community. When neighborhoods are formed properly they are not just a place to live. They lead to increased opportunities for positive development. In this reading they also talk about how they found a 100 different definitions of the work community. I think that are millions of different definitions because everyone in the world has their own view of what community means to them.

The PUD scheme has made it so that developers and builders can put more structures on a given piece of land. This creates an opportunity for larger houses at a smaller price. Although, this is good for some homebuyers, I am completely against this method. I hate to see cookie cutter houses that are inches away from each other. To me, this lakes design, privacy and can be a potential fire hazard. Most neighborhoods now are becoming so over populated. Builders are just stuffing housing wherever they can. Soon they will run into bigger problems like lake of water and sewers. We need to keep a quality environment in mind. Being sustainable is a very big part of society now, so it should be put into the thought of our community.

“Neighborhood satisfaction is also influenced by personal, physical, social, segregation and safety factors” (129). I believe that similar cultures and similar ethnicities usually group together for living environments. Since these people have more in common with their neighbors, they are more likely to trust and interact with them. Segregation is still a big issue in the world. As designers, we need to create places that bring these people together. We need to research why certain communities work, so that we can better design for the future. Lets bring everyone together as one big positive community.

Makeshift Shelter Process

2010-02-08T17:59:00.000-08:00

Makeshift Shelter Process

The makeshift shelter was definitely a process that opened up my mind to many different thoughts. It wasn’t just thinking about how to make a space look pretty. We wanted it to be functional and successful. Since our activity was sketching, we needed to mold our ideas around that concept.

We first went looking for materials so that we would know what we were working with. We found a lot of different materials in the trash, in the recycling bins and from Chris Fay. We started to gather all of these random objects. My role in the group was the insinuator since I tested a lot of the ideas. After we were given the project, my group and I discussed our different ideas and thought about what materials we could get. When I went home I looked through everything I had and tested some of our ideas. It made it a lot easier to see what was going to work and what wasn’t. Even though we worked on a sketch model, different problems arise when building a structure full scale. I think one of my strengths is that I keep working until something is done right. Our group worked very well together and everyone had their own role in the group.

While thinking of different designs I drew a lot of textures and seating designs in my sketchbook. When a curve ball was thrown our way, it restricted us to use 5 materials and 2 adhesives, a lot of our ideas had to change. This limited down on what was more important and what could serve many purposes. I don’t think our design would have been as successful if we were allowed to use more materials. It would have looked very cluttered and incoherent. With the materials we had chosen at the time, we went in the lobby to test different ideas. The decision was made that a cantilever would be the best way to support the ceiling. This was constructed using pvc pipe and string. Next we worked on making a cover for the roof. It was difficult to make something that was waterproof and appealing. After many different ideas we decided to think of different ways to use magazines. This would bring color into the space and be visually interesting. One of my group members brought up the idea of paper maché. It was agreed that we could do it on the other side of plastic and it would be supportive and waterproof. This was an important decision that was made as a group to remove fabric as one of our 5 materials. All along we had been talking about fabric but when putting everything together it didn’t create a successful design. I was glad that we chose to start over on the roof design and open our minds to different materials. Since magazines were officially chosen as one of our materials, our group started to think of other ways to use magazines. The decision was made to wrap the pvc pipe columns in the paper maché and to make seating out of rolled up magazines.

When beginning to construct our shelter, it seemed like everything came together really well. Everyone was very happy about the shelter and glad we made changes from our initial design. Since we provided a guestbook for people to sketch in, it was amazing to see what people had written and drawn. Seeing all of these thoughts of our space was the most rewarding part to me! This project was a great learning experience and I enjoyed watching all of these shelters come together.

Kitchen Construction Documents

2010-02-07T20:16:00.000-08:00

Cabinet Wall Elevation

Cabinet Sections

Floorplan

Electrical Plan

Kitchen Island Detail

These are some construction documents from my Marlee Matlin kitchen design.

commUNITY case study:

2010-02-04T18:29:00.000-08:00

GRANT PUBLIC HOUSING

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Grant Houses
- General Ulysses S. Grant Houses is a public housingproject at the northern boundary of Morningside Heightsin Manhattan, NY.
- The project was constructed between Broadway and Morningside Avenue, spanning from 123rd Street/La Salle Street to 125th st.
- The subways lines are 2 to 3 blocks away
- The bus lines are 1 to 2 blocks away
- General Ulysses S. Grant Houses in Manhattan consists of nine buildings, 13 and 21-stories tall with 1,940 apartments housing an estimated 4,519 residents. The 15.05-acre site was completed September 30, 1957 and is bordered by West 123rd and West 125th Streets, Morningside Avenue and Broadway
- The complex, with the adjacent Morningside Houses, was completed in 1957, along with your webmaster.
- "At Grant Houses, for instance, 'bricks of mixed pink and buff' were added, with limited success, to break up the monotony of identical brick towers. The designers poorly integrated the colored bricks and they appear as an odd afterthought" (141).
- For good lighting the homes are directly north of Morningside Gardens, which is a "middle income cooperative" in Morningside Heights.
The New York Times noted the racial identification of the first five families to move into the Grant Houses, each from a different racial background.
At Grant Houses, a few neighbors cared enough about the state of their community, their city and their environment to raise their recycling rate from zero to thirty percent. They've not only made it easy, they've made it possible for tenants here to do the right thing and recycle.
- Coming together for this single cause (to recycle)
- Different people living in one place (has same effect as a dorm)
- The garden project will primarily serve to provide low income grant housed residents access to nutritious and sustainable food.
- The garden project will increase interaction between the Grant Houses
- Lead to the cultivation of personal relationships between university students and Grant Houses residents, and helped to shape a collective vision

THE WOLFSON BUILDING

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Wolfson Building. Somerville College. Oxford England. 1966
- Named after Sir Isaac Wolfson who funded the building.
-This structure was built for undergraduate students.
- It was one of the first women’s colleges to be founded in oxford, England.
- The college is located at the southern end of Woodstock road, with Little Clarendon Street to the south and Walton street to the west.
- Somerville College was converted into a hospital during World War 1.
- It completes the enclosure of the Somerville’s large quad.
- Rooms face onto Watson st. and onto the quad.
- The staircases, located in the freestanding brick towers at each end of the block, form connections between the new concrete structure and its older neighbors.
- Each room has a very large singe-pane square window.
- The window projecting beyond the line of columns forms a lookout post and provides good light for the working wall that carries desks and bookshelves.
- The windows all reflect images of the other buildings located in the quad. Bringing them all together.
- On the bottom floor of this building is the “Flora Anderson Hall” where many social events are held.
- Dorms hold events where people meet new friends.
- Living on campus creates a better sense of community and comfortability by seeing the same people each day.
- College campuses have everything you need within a small amount of land. There is food, lodging, social activities, clothing stores, and art supplies right on campus. You can stay in one place and still have everything you need.
- The dorms vibrant social life draws many students to it.

Works Cited
Maxwell, Rober. New British Architecture. New York: Praeger, 1973. Print.
Bloom, Nicholas Dagen. "Public Housing That Worked: New York in the Twentieth Century." University of Pennsylvania Press. Philadelphia 2008